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3a876e67-e23f-4169-a908-d0b8533173d1 < All op-eds Indo-Pacific Framework: Bridging the divide between the Global South and Global North Dr Gazala Fareedi Since its independence, India with its meagre resources at that point in time rose to become a voice for the Global South as it focused on anti-colonialism, anti-racism, non-violence, Panchsheel and the Non-Aligned Movement. Since the last decade, its foreign policy has made a departure from the leader of third-world rhetoric to that of great power politics. However, with the recent transfer of the G20 Presidency from Indonesia to India, there has been a renewed focus on the Global South. On the 1 st of December, in an editorial published in many Indian newspapers, Prime Minister Narendra Modi wrote, “Our G20 priorities will be shaped in consultation with not just our G20 partners, but also our fellow travellers in the global South, whose voice often goes unheard.” Similar attention to the Global South was given in External Affairs Minister, Dr S Jaishankar’s speech at the G20 University Connect programme. With India having resumed the baton for being a voice for the developing countries, how does it seek to wield the Indo-Pacific platform to bridge the divide between the Global North and Global South? Can the Indo-Pacific framework create a future where such a divide becomes inconsequential? Contemporarily states hold membership in various organisations across the spectrum. Overlapping membership has become the new norm and convergence at the multilateral level, the new ethic, as no state wants to be left out. However often these organisations or frameworks might not have been founded on similar logic/principles and goals. The Global South nowadays broadly refers to those people who are impacted negatively by Neo-liberal policies. The concept historically underlines the core and periphery debate starting from colonialism and neo-imperialism leading to gross inequalities in the standards of living and underdevelopment. Based upon the typology of international orders as outlined by Kyle M. Lascurettes and Michael Poznansky (2021), the Global South framework is neither a hegemonic order nor a centralised order. Since power is dispersed, the order would come under the category of a negotiated order. At the same time, it does posit the developing countries in a state of friction with the developed countries, albeit for pertinent positive ends of economic and political justice. The Indo-Pacific Framework is in the process of setting a new narrative and building a new foundation. It is also not a hegemonic or centralised order where power is concentrated in the hands of a few actors. All countries have espoused their own understanding of the Indo-Pacific and there are certain shared foundational principles to all these visions. The common denominator is the standard of ‘rules-based international order’ and ‘free and open Indo Pacific’. Since it includes the members of both the developed and the developing countries, another common agenda for the framework should be to become a platform to bridge the divide between the Global North and Global South. The action plan should consciously focus on not only providing inclusive solutions to solve this state of friction on the ground but also creating a new narrative where the divide gets diminished. Concrete steps to reduce inequality should become the backbone for cooperation and friendship. The agenda of immediate concern and long-term issues for the developing countries in the Indo-Pacific vary in a number of ways from that of the developed countries. For example, as highlighted by Darshana M. Baruah , the small island states in the Indo-Pacific emphasise the importance of focusing on “non-traditional security threats” with climate change and the blue economy becoming one of the many areas of immediate concern. For these countries, these issues become life-threatening, unlike other countries. This is in contrast to the developed big countries-the great powers, who prioritize geo-strategic traditional security issues like the containment of Chinese power. The island states do not want to be part of the increasing great power competition between the United States and China. This is true for African states whose “leaders have continuously voiced apprehensions about getting caught in between great power contestations” ( Mishra 2021 ). At the same time, they respect the goal of a rules-based international order as they are most vulnerable to any other kind of anarchic order. Hence the Indo-Pacific framework should highlight and focus on the differing goals of both developing and developed countries in order to become a platform where everyone’s interests are given equal importance. An inclusive vision for sustainable economics should be the predominant operation and narrative in order to move beyond the ‘dependency’ [theory] in practice that is the bedrock for the division between the Global North and Global South. As a voice for the Global South as well as a member of the Indo-Pacific framework, India ought to up the ante regarding manoeuvring the structuring of the framework to suit not only its national interests but also to promote a more equitable international order. Concerns of geopolitics can hardly be divorced from sustainable economy and social development, especially for developing countries. As stated by Happymon Jacob , “the world still, albeit occasionally, looks up to us [India] for moral leadership or as a peace-builder”. With India starting its presidency for the G20, along with being the chair of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), it shares an even greater responsibility for steering the increasing geo-political tensions. Jacob has even called “India as a pole” and written that “India is a pivotal power in the Indo-Pacific and beyond, with an ability to help tackle security, climate and other challenges of global consequence.” The Indo-Pacific framework should not be narrow and constrained to only the geo-strategic objectives of a few developed countries. Neither should it be hijacked as a pawn for the increasing rivalry between the United States and China. Rather its true success lies in promoting a shared platform and vision for implementing a just and economically equal world order. Previous Next LATEST OP-EDS Dr Dhanasree Jayaram Intersectionality As The Key To Indo-Pacific Climate Action The Indo-Pacific is a dynamic region that faces a multitude of climate vulnerabilities. These climate vulnerabilities intermingle with the region’s social, economic, ecological, political, and cultural fault lines, thereby exacerbating the systemic crisis that the region’s populations are currently facing and will be facing in the future. Applying an intersectional framework is critical for developing a comprehensive understanding of varying vulnerabilities and capacities (that influence the agency of those affected) across societies. Read More Purvaja Modak 2024: Brazil’s G20 Year While Indonesia and India made some progress on negotiations on climate action, inclusion of the African Union in the G20 and the reform of multilateral development banks (MDBs), much more action is essential. Read More Abhivardhan An Indo-Pacific Perspective on AI Safety Analysing varied approaches to AI regulation in key countries, this article explores the challenges and opportunities of AI Safety in the Indo-Pacific region and discusses the need for a coordinated approach to addressing these issues. Read More

Capt Sarabjeet S Parmar was commissioned into the Indian Navy on 01 July 1987 and retired on 30 June 2023. He has been a Research Fellow at the Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses and worked in the Indian Navy’s strategic apex level offices. He has written and spoken extensively on maritime security and strategy issues at various national and international conferences and his main areas of research include national and maritime strategy and security related aspects in the Indo-Pacific, piracy, HADR, and international maritime law with a focus on lawfare. < Back Capt. Sarabjeet S Parmar Capt Sarabjeet S Parmar was commissioned into the Indian Navy on 01 July 1987 and retired on 30 June 2023. He has commanded two ships and a frontline anti-submarine warfare and anti-shipping helicopter squadron. He was member of the XI Indian Antarctic Summer Expedition in 1991, attended the Management Defence Course Conducted by the British Government at Colombo in 2005, and represented the Indian Navy in the first international HOSTAC (helicopter operations from ships other than aircraft carriers) conference held at Norfolk, USA in 2008. He has been a Research Fellow at the Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses and worked in the Indian Navy’s strategic apex level offices where, as Director Strategy was part of the core team published the Indian Navy’s unclassified maritime security strategy document titled Ensuring Secure Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy in 2015, carried out regional maritime assessments and completed the doctrine development plan. He was the Executive Director and Senior Fellow at the National Maritime Foundation prior retirement. He has written and spoken extensively on maritime security and strategy issues at various national and international conferences and his main areas of research include national and maritime strategy and security related aspects in the Indo-Pacific, piracy, HADR, and international maritime law with a focus on lawfare. His writings can be accessed at https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Captain-Sarabjeet-Parmar and https://independent.academia.edu/sarabjeetparmar

< Back Mr Vishal Rajput Vishal Rajput is a researcher at Nehru Memorial Museum and Library working on the Border History Project of the Ministry of Defence, Government of India. He was formerly associated with the National Security Council and United Service Institution of India. He did postgraduation in International Relations and Area Studies from MMAJ Academy of International Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia University. He has also attended BRICS Summer School at Fudan University, X International Russian Chinese Summer School on International Relations at Higher School of Economics, and Tsinghua Global Summer School at Tsinghua University. In addition, he was a Pakistan studies scholar at the National Institute of Advanced Studies. He has written articles and research papers for the Australian Institute of International Affairs, Diplomatist Magazine, The Citizen, United Service Institution of India, Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS Indonesia), IJOPEC Publications (UK), Pakistan Reader, South Asia Monitor and The Quint. Publications

< Back Mrs Sinduja Umandi Wickramasinghe Jayaratne Ms. Sinduja Umandi Wickramasinghe Jayaratne is currently working as a Lecturer in General Sir John Kotalawela Defence University (KDU) teaching political science, terrorism, violent extremism and intelligence to Undergraduate and Postgraduate students. Publications

< Back Dr Priya Suresh Priya Suresh (PhD) is an Assistant Professor at the Department of International Studies, Stella Maris College, Chennai. She has been the recipient of a US State Department Fellowship, to study US National Security at the University of California. She has published several articles focusing on Chinese foreign and military policies, in journals such as the Indian Journal of Politics and International Relations, the Journal of International Studies and Analyses, and the South Asian Journal of Diplomacy. She is currently working on a book titled, ‘Foreign Policy of China under Deng Xiaoping and its Contemporary Relevance’ for Springer Palgrave Macmillan. Publications

< Back Dr Ashik Bonofer Ashik J. Bonofer is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Political Science, Madras Christian College, Chennai. He has formerly served as a Research Fellow at the Centre for Asia Studies, and a Visiting Faculty at the Centre for South Asian Studies, Pondicherry Central University. He holds a PhD in Political Science, with a thesis on ‘Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka – The Role of Internal and External Actors in Conflict Resolution”, from the Madras Christian College.His most recent book, is titled ‘Haksar on India's Sri Lanka Policy Paperback’, published by Bookventure, Chennai. He has also edited several books on subjects including India-Myanmar relations, the refugee situation in India, the rise of China, and US foreign policy towards Asia. He has two upcoming books on human rights and ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. Publications The Challenges of Democracy in Maldives: http://pucul.edu.in/sites/default/files/ijsas09032011.pdf#page=114 Ethnic Conflict In Srilanka The Role Of Internal And External Actors In Conflict Resolution: https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/262899

< Back DR GAURAV SAINI EXECUTIVE EDITOR gauravsaini@csdronline.com Dr. Saini holds a PhD in International Politics from the Centre for International Politics, Organization, and Disarmament at Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi. His doctoral thesis titled “India’s Strategic Culture: A study of Indian thinking on China, 1998-2014” focuses on contemporary Indian strategic thought with a particular emphasis on China. His research interests include foreign policy, strategic culture, defense industry, regionalism, and conflict resolution. Currently, he is an Emerging Quad Think Tank Leader, a part of the U.S. State Department’s Leaders Lead on Demand program. The program brings together 20 thought leaders (5 from each of the 4 Quad countries) to work together on various aspects of the Quad in the Indo Pacific region. At CSDR, he is responsible for product design and partnerships. gauravsaini@csdronline.com 123-456-7890

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< Back Dr Kaustav Padmapati Dr. Kaustav Padmapati is currently working as an Assistant Professor at Department of Political Science, Royal School of Humanities and Social Sciences at the Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam. He teaches Political Science and International Relations at graduate and undergraduate level. He was also a guest faculty at Centre for South East Asian Study, Gauhati University. Previously, he also worked as Programme Officer at the Foreign Policy Division of Ananta Aspen Centre in New Delhi. Dr. Kaustav is a recipient of the Fulbright Nehru Doctoral Fellowship and was associated with the Center for Asian Studies, School of International Service, American University, Washington DC, USA as Visiting Fulbright Research Scholar and Adjunct Faculty. Kaustav holds a PhD. and M.Phil. in American Studies from the Center for Canadian, US & Latin American Studies, SIS, JNU, New Delhi. His research areas include China, Taiwan, East Asia, and Southeast Asia, ASEAN, US Foreign Policy, International relations, gender and alternative sexuality. Publications

< Back Genevieve Bridget May Genevieve Donnellon-May is a geopolitical and global strategy advisor interested in regional resource conflict and environmental governance in Asia and Africa. At present, she is a researcher for the Oxford Global Society, a Research Associate at the Asia Society Policy Institute and an Analyst (Asia-Pacific) for the Red Line Podcast. She has held positions as the 2022 Young Australians in International Affairs Climate Fellow as well as at the Institute of Water Policy, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, and the Asian Institute for Policy Studies, South Korea. She is a recipient of the New Colombo Plan Scholarship (2018), the Melbourne Global Scholars Award (2017), and the Chinese Government Scholarship (2014). Genevieve frequently contributes to leading newspapers, journals, and other media on transboundary water governance in Asia. These include AsiaGlobal Online, Asia Sentinel, Asia Times, ASPI Strategist, Australian Institute of International Affairs, Cambridge China Review, East Asia Forum, Indian Strategic Studies, New Straits Times, RSIS Commentary, South China Morning Post, Straits Times, The Diplomat, ThePrint India, ThinkChina, Today Online, and the Wilson Center’s New Security Beat. She holds a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) and a Diploma in Languages (French) from the University of Melbourne as well as a Master of Science in Water Science, Policy and Management from the University of Oxford. Publications

Mr Nitin Pai is co-founder and director of the Takshashila Institution, an independent centre for research and education in public policy based in Bangalore. His research includes cyber and space power, Indo-Pacific geopolitics, and defence economics. < Back Nitin Pai Nitin Pai is co-founder and director of the Takshashila Institution, an independent centre for research and education in public policy. His current research includes information warfare and the geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific. He teaches international relations, public policy and ethical reasoning at Takshashila Institution’s graduate programmes. Nitin is currently a columnist with Mint, Sakal and ThePrint. His book "Nitopadesha - Moral Tales for Good Citizens" is currently under publication. He is the co-editor of "India's Marathon: Reshaping the Post-Pandemic World Order" published in 2020. He is currently a member of the Chief Minister of Karnataka's Vision Group on Higher Education. Earlier in his career Nitin worked on satellite design, undersea cable projects and RF communications before joining the Singapore government, where he spent more than a decade as a policymaker in the technology sector. He was a gold medalist from the National University of Singapore’s LKY School of Public Policy, an undergraduate scholar at Nanyang Technological University (NTU), and an alum of National College, Bangalore. His writings are available at https://www.nitinpai.in

< Back Mr Nahian Reza Sabriet Nahian Reza Sabriet is Research Officer at the Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies (BIISS). He has finished his regular undergraduate and post-graduate courses from the Department of International Relations, University of Dhaka. Publications